QML - Lesson 018. Loader in QML Qt – The working with the dynamic components

QML, QtQuick, Qt, Loader

For the organization of the dynamic components of the change is convenient to use a Loader component, which is included in QML QtQuick and is a container for components in your application, let's say that you need to periodically replace the interface.

To draw an analogy, for example, with the development of Java for Android , there is a system of fragments, which can also be replaced in the container for them, following the logic of your application. For example, we click on the button and in a particular container, we replaced one fragment of another, and if we click on another button, then there is a third fragment, which replaces the second fragment is.

Therefore, make an application that will have 5 buttons and pressing each button in the Loader fragments will vary.

The structure of the project to work with the Loader

• QmlLoader.pro - the profile of the project;
• main.cpp - the main file of the application source code;
• main.qml - basic qml code file;
• Fragment1.qml - the first fragment for replacement Loader;
• Fragment2.qml - second fragment;
• Fragment3.qml - a third fragment.

main.cpp is created by default and is not subject to change, so it will not be given a listing, as well as the project profile.

main.qml

Installing components in the Loader can be done in several ways:

1. A source property - in this case the component is a QML file and its contents is limited scope in terms of interaction with other elements in main.qml file;
2. Through sourceComponent property - in this case, set Component objects that are contained in the file main.qml and not limited scope when interacting with other objects in main.qml;
3. Installation via setSource() method - in this case, it is possible to specify additional options for an object, such as opacity, but do not forget to reset these settings, or they persist even when you install a new component.

In the following the above, there is a layer with five buttons, the Loader object, which is a rectangular container in which to put our pieces. Working with its location in the application window is made as if it were an object of type Rectangle .

import QtQuick 2.5
import QtQuick.Controls 1.4
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.1

ApplicationWindow {
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello World")

    // Layer with buttons that will change the fragments
    RowLayout {
        id: rowLayout
        anchors.top: parent.top
        anchors.left: parent.left
        anchors.right: parent.right
        anchors.margins: 5

        Button {
            text: qsTr("Fragment 1")
            // Download the component from a file
            onClicked: loader.source = "Fragment1.qml"
        }

        Button {
            text: qsTr("Fragment 2")
            // Loading setSource component through the method of installing the fragment parameters
            onClicked: loader.setSource("Fragment2.qml", {"opactity": 1 })
        }

        Button {
            text: qsTr("Fragment 3")
            // Loading setSource component through the method of installing the fragment parameters
            onClicked: loader.setSource("Fragment3.qml", {"opacity": 0.5})
        }

        Button {
            text: qsTr("Fragment 4")
            // Installing a fragment from the Component
            onClicked: loader.sourceComponent = fragment4
        }

        Button {
            text: qsTr("Fragment 5")
            // Installing a fragment from the Component
            onClicked: loader.sourceComponent = fragment5
        }
    }

    Loader {
        id: loader
        anchors.top: rowLayout.bottom
        anchors.left: parent.left
        anchors.right: parent.right
        anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
        anchors.topMargin: 5
        source: "Fragment1.qml"
    }

    // The fourth fragment as component
    Component {
        id: fragment4

        Rectangle {
            anchors.fill: parent
            color: "blue"

            Text {
                text: "Fragment 5"
                color: "white"
                anchors.top: parent.top
                anchors.right: parent.right
                anchors.margins: 50
                font.pixelSize: 30

                renderType: Text.NativeRendering
            }

        }
    }

    // The fifth fragment as component
    Component {
        id: fragment5

        Rectangle {
            anchors.fill: parent
            color: "black"

            Text {
                text: "Fragment 5"
                color: "white"
                anchors.top: parent.top
                anchors.right: parent.right
                anchors.margins: 50
                font.pixelSize: 30

                renderType: Text.NativeRendering
            }

        }
    }
}

Fragment1.qml and the remaining fragments

And other code fragments Fragment1.qml identical except that they all have a different background color.

import QtQuick 2.5

Rectangle {
    anchors.fill: parent
    color: "green"

    Text {
        text: "Fragment 1"
        color: "white"
        anchors.top: parent.top
        anchors.right: parent.right
        anchors.margins: 50
        font.pixelSize: 30

        renderType: Text.NativeRendering
    }

}

Conclusion

Video