GameDev on Qt - Tutorial 4. Collision Detection in Qt (2D)

Коллизия, GameDev, Qt, Collision

Collision detection is one of the important aspects in GameDev. As it relates to the Conflict absolutely everything: hit the enemy bullets, bullets hit your hero, the hero of the body crossing the walls, crossing the body of the hero with the opponents, etc. And the important point is that the hero does not get stuck in a foreign object, but like any other object, and must, in its simplest form, push on it to stay in place. It is for this purpose and is collision detection.

For example in the figure shows the hero, which push the walls and floor. That is, it can not pass through the wall and fall under the floor.

In addition, for the hero in blue highlighted area in which it is located. Something like a ball for the hamster. The game can be made at the intersection of the ball check with other objects, causing the hero will build on these objects.

If you write a platformer on Qt, this is for QGraphicsItem objects it is possible to use the graphic scene in which they are located, namely QGraphicsScene ::collidingItems() . In this function is passed as an argument to the object for which we want to perform collision detection. The function returns a list of graphical objects, if you could find them in a hamster ball for our hero. And if we find that the character came across at the next step on an object, then we make a hero to immediately take a step back.

Realize collision detection

And now to the implementation of resolution of conflicts on the basis of the code from the previous lessons GameDev in Qt:

• Tutorial 1. Track mouse movement in QGraphicsScene
• Tutorial 2. Bullet Writing class for shooting in Qt
• Tutorial 3. Destroying opponents

widget.cpp

First construct the walls in the graphic scene, which will run across our hero. And for this class in the constructor of the main window prescribe the following lines.

    scene->addRect(0,0,520,20,QPen(Qt::NoPen),QBrush(Qt::darkGray));
    scene->addRect(0,0,20,520,QPen(Qt::NoPen),QBrush(Qt::darkGray));
    scene->addRect(0,500,520,20,QPen(Qt::NoPen),QBrush(Qt::darkGray));
    scene->addRect(500,0,20,520,QPen(Qt::NoPen),QBrush(Qt::darkGray));
    scene->addRect(170,250,180,20,QPen(Qt::NoPen),QBrush(Qt::darkGray));
    scene->addRect(250,170,20,180,QPen(Qt::NoPen),QBrush(Qt::darkGray));

triangle.h

Also, we will need to override the function that returns the shape of the hero. That is to say, that will return the ball to the hamster on the basis of which will happen collision check. Since the default returns a rectangle that will be extremely uncomfortable. Because of this rectangle it will occur frequently jams player in textures.

private:
    QRectF boundingRect() const;

triangle.cpp

Compared to the latest version of the code will be several changes. Namely, the reduced size of the main character, the red triangle. And change the bullet point of departure, it will be placed in front of the main character. This change in addition to making the collision detection.

// Resize the hero
QRectF Triangle::boundingRect() const
{
    return QRectF(-12,-15,24,30);
}

/* Return the form of a hero
 * In this case it is better to use an ellipse
 * */
QPainterPath Triangle::shape() const
{
    QPainterPath path;
    path.addEllipse(boundingRect());
    return path;
}

void Triangle::slotBulletTimer()
{
    /// If shooting is enabled, the call signal to the creation of a bullet
    if(shot) emit signalBullet(mapToScene(0,-25), target);

}

Detection of collisions will produce in game timer slot in the code section, where check the status of the pressed keys.

void Triangle::slotGameTimer()
{
    /** Move a triangle as a function of the buttons pressed
     * */
    if(GetAsyncKeyState('A')){
        this->setX(this->x() - 1);
        /* Check the collision,
          * If a collision occurred,
          * Then return the hero back to the starting point
         * */
        if(!scene()->collidingItems(this).isEmpty()){
            this->setX(this->x() + 1);
        }
    }
    if(GetAsyncKeyState('D')){
        this->setX(this->x() + 1);
        if(!scene()->collidingItems(this).isEmpty()){
            this->setX(this->x() - 1);
        }
    }
    if(GetAsyncKeyState('W')){
        this->setY(this->y() - 1);
        if(!scene()->collidingItems(this).isEmpty()){
            this->setY(this->y() + 1);
        }
    }
    if(GetAsyncKeyState('S')){
        this->setY(this->y() + 1);
        if(!scene()->collidingItems(this).isEmpty()){
            this->setY(this->y() - 1);
        }
    }

    // Source from previous lessons
}

Итог

As a result, the main character of the game is no longer able to walk through the target, as well as through walls. To break through the target system, he will have to shoot them.

Video