Qt/C++ - Lesson 028. How to use sprite picture with QPixmap?

sprite QPixmap, sprite, QPixmap, Qt, Qt sprite

Once we have drawn sprite last lesson on working with Adobe Illustrator , it's time to apply the resulting image when working with Qt and add it to the program using QPixmap . Moreover, we do Animated sprite, and see how the small explosion Animated graphics on the stage of our application on Qt.

The project structure to work with QPixmap and sprite

sprite_example project structure will be as follows:

• sprite_example.pro - the profile of the project;
• widget.h - header file of the main application window;
• widget.cpp - file source code of the main application window;
• widget.ui - interface file;
• sprite.h - class header file that is used for our sprite, which will be applied QPixmap;
• sprite.cpp - file source code to work with QPixmap;
• sprite.qrc - resource file;
• sprite_sheet.png - our sprite, which we will use for the animation.

widget.ui

Nothing special in this file is not present. Just stretch a box around the object QGraphicsView , which put QGraphicsScene .

widget.h

In this file, we will declare the object of graphic scenes, which put an object with a QPixmap , which will Animated sprite. Just do not forget to include the header file sprite.h.

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
 
#include <QWidget>
#include <QGraphicsScene>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QList>
#include <QPixmap>
 
#include "sprite.h"
 
namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}
 
class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
 
public:
    explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~Widget();
 
private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;
    QGraphicsScene *scene;  
};
 
#endif // WIDGET_H

widget.cpp

In this file, we initialize the graphical scene and put it in graphicsView , as well as create a sprite object and place it on the stage.

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
 
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
 
    scene = new QGraphicsScene();       // Init graphics scene
 
    ui->graphicsView->setScene(scene);  // Set grapihcs scene into graphicsView
 
    scene->addItem(new Sprite());       // We put on the scene a new sprite object
 
}
 
Widget::~Widget()
{
    delete ui;
}

sprite.h

And now let's talk about how well implemented Animated sprite. For this we need a prepared sprite, or rather the sprite sheet, which consists of 15 frames, arranged in a single row.

Technically, this sprite sheet is set to QPixmap class object in which it scrolls from left to right with a certain periodicity. To this end, we are a new class inherit from QGraphicsItem and QObject , to use signals and slots . And in the method of drawing the paint Asking sprite_sheet image area, which is defined in the resource file. The timer controls the change of the frame using nextFrame() slot. At a signal from timer we change the coordinate of the drawing area of the sprite and redraw a graphic object with the new frame.

#ifndef SPRITE_H
#define SPRITE_H
 
#include <QObject>
#include <QGraphicsItem>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QPixmap>
#include <QPainter>
 
class Sprite : public QObject, public QGraphicsItem
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Sprite(QObject *parent = 0);
 
signals:
 
public slots:
 
private slots:
    void nextFrame();   // Slot for turning images into QPixmap
 
private:
    void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget);
    QRectF boundingRect() const;
 
private:
    QTimer *timer;      // Timer for turning images into QPixmap
    QPixmap *spriteImage;   // In this QPixmap object will be placed sprite
    int currentFrame;   // Coordinates X, which starts the next frame of the sprite
 
};
 
#endif // SPRITE_H

sprite.cpp

In the class constructor initializes the timer and the method of paint we draw the right frame of the sprite. Switching is performed using frames nextFrame() slot.

#include "sprite.h"
 
Sprite::Sprite(QObject *parent) :
    QObject(parent), QGraphicsItem()
{
    currentFrame = 0;   // Sets the coordinates of the current frame of the sprite
    spriteImage = new QPixmap(":sprite_sheet.png"); // Load the sprite image QPixmap
 
    timer = new QTimer();   // Create a timer for sprite animation
    connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &Sprite::nextFrame);
    timer->start(25);   // Run the sprite on the signal generation with a frequency of 25 ms
}
 
QRectF Sprite::boundingRect() const
{
    return QRectF(-10,-10,20,20);
}
 
void Sprite::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)
{
    /* In the graphic renderer we draw the sprite
     * The first two arguments - is the X and Y coordinates of where to put QPixmap
     * The third argument - a pointer to QPixmap
     * 4 and 5 of the arguments - The coordinates in the image QPixmap, where the image is displayed
     * By setting the X coordinate with the variable currentFrame we would like to move the camera on the sprite
     * and the last two arguments - the width and height of the displayed area, that is, the frame
     * */
    painter->drawPixmap(-10,-10, *spriteImage, currentFrame, 0, 20,20);
    Q_UNUSED(option);
    Q_UNUSED(widget);
}
 
void Sprite::nextFrame()
{
    /* At a signal from the timer 20 to move the point of rendering pixels
     * If currentFrame = 300 then zero out it as sprite sheet size of 300 pixels by 20
     * */
    currentFrame += 20;
    if (currentFrame >= 300 ) currentFrame = 0;
    this->update(-10,-10,20,20); 
}

Result

As a result, you get the app in the middle of the window which will be blinking an explosion the size of 20 by 20 pixels.

Video